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Personal guarantee defence • directors • lender and supplier claims

Defending a Personal Guarantee Claim

A demand under a personal guarantee should be checked against the actual document, the underlying company debt and the events said to trigger liability. Directors and guarantors may have arguments about scope, cap, execution, variation, notice, security, underlying liability or release that need to be assessed before payment is admitted.

KEY ANSWER

The position in brief

A director is not personally liable for a company's debts merely because they are a director. Personal exposure usually depends on an enforceable guarantee or another separate legal basis.

Where a guarantee is relied on, its wording matters. The court may need to consider whether the instrument was properly executed, what obligations it covers, whether liability is capped, whether required demand or notice steps occurred and whether changes to the underlying agreement affect the guarantee.

Legal issues

Possible issues include execution and form, interpretation, incorporation of other documents, capped liability, continuing guarantees, joint-and-several liability, conditions precedent, demand requirements, material variation of the underlying obligation, release, limitation and the validity or amount of the company debt itself.

Where security exists, enforcement of the guarantee and security should be analysed together.

Evidence that matters

Obtain the signed guarantee, underlying facility or supply agreement, every later variation, statements, demands, notices, security documents, correspondence, payment history and documents showing what happened to the company debt.

Reasonable lines of enquiry

Compare the creditor's demand with the exact contractual trigger. Check the amount, cap, dates, variations and any representations made when the guarantee was signed. Identify whether the creditor has already recovered sums from the company or security.

What happens next

The guarantor may respond to a demand, negotiate, seek documents or dispute liability. If proceedings are issued, a defence must be filed within the applicable timetable. If judgment is entered, the creditor may seek enforcement against personal assets.

Immediate steps

Do not admit personal liability before locating the complete signed guarantee and underlying agreement. Preserve all versions and amendments and record any court or demand deadline immediately.

What should you send us?

Send the signed guarantee, underlying agreement, variations, statements, demands, security documents, insolvency papers and all relevant correspondence.

Legal information from Theodorous. The law and procedure can change and the application of the law depends on the facts. This guide is general information, not advice on your individual case.

HOW WE CAN HELP

What Theodorous can do

We can analyse enforceability and scope, respond to a demand, defend proceedings, negotiate settlement and advise on attempts to enforce against personal assets.

NEXT STEP

Have the guarantee claim checked before admitting liability

Send the guarantee, demand and underlying company documents. We can assess the scope of personal exposure and the immediate response.

Have the guarantee claim checked before admitting liability

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Questions about this issue

Am I liable just because I was a director of the company?

No. Limited-company debts are generally the company's. Personal liability requires a separate legal basis such as an enforceable personal guarantee.

Can changes to the company agreement affect a guarantee?

Potentially. The effect depends on the wording of the guarantee and the nature of the variation, so the full contractual history should be reviewed.

What if the guarantee has a financial cap?

A valid cap can limit the guarantor's contractual exposure. The demand should be checked against the cap, interest provisions, costs wording and sums already recovered.